Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

Great Japan quake generates 8-foot tsunami in California

Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 11:00 PM GMT en Marzo 11, 2011

A great earthquake rocked the coast of Japan at 5:46 GMT on March 11, generating a dangerous tsunami that raced across the Pacific. The mighty earthquake was rated 8.9 on the Richter scale, making it the 7th most powerful tremor in world history. The world's 8th largest earthquake, a magnitude 8.8 event, hit Chile on February 27, 2010; never before have two top-ten earthquakes hit so close together in time. Today's quake was the strongest in Japanese history, and will likely be the most expensive natural disaster in world history, surpassing the $133+ billion dollar price tag from Hurricane Katrina.

Figure 1. Model-computed energy from the March 11, 2011 tsunami as visualized by the NOAA Visualization Lab.

In the U.S., the highest tsunami waves from the earthquake hit northern California and southern Oregon, with a wave height of 8.1 feet observed at Crescent City, CA, 8.6 feet at Port San Luis, CA, 8.7 feet at Arena Cove, CA, and 6.1 feet at Port Orford, OR. The tsunami swept four photographers out to sea in the Crescent City harbor, injuring three of them and leaving one missing. Extensive damage was done to the harbor and 35 boats. Up to $2 million in damage also occurred in the Santa Cruz harbor south of San Francisco.

Figure 2. Tide gauge at Crescent City, CA during the March 11, 2011 tsunami. The green line shows the height of the tsunami wave; the red line shows the observed water level. The highest tsunami wave came at at 17 UTC (9am PST), an hour and 10 minutes after the initial wave, and was 7 feet high. Image credit: NOAA.

Crescent City was hit by a devastating tsunami after the March 28, 1964 magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Alaska, which killed ten people in the city and destroyed much of the business district. The city is fortunate today that the tsunami hit at low tide, or else water levels would have been five feet higher in the city during the wave. The tide gauge at Crescent City, CA (Figure 2) shows that at least 18 separate tsunami waves have hit the harbor as of 2:45pm PST. The first wave came at about 15:50 UTC (7:50am PST), was about 2.5 feet high, and was not preceded by the ocean falling and water being sucked out to sea. After this initial wave, the ocean level dropped rapidly by 8 feet, and then a series of large waves began rushing in and out, with up to a 13 foot difference between low water and high water. The rapid speed of the in-rushing and outflowing waves were what did the damage to the harbor and its boats. The largest wave came at 17 UTC (9am PST), an hour and 10 minutes after the initial wave, and was 8.1 feet high. Fortunately, this wave came near the time of low tide, and the wave was only 2 feet above last night's high tide mark. Tidal range between low and high tide is about 5 feet at Crescent City. The tide is now rising, and new tsunami waves with height of 3 - 4 feet are still rushing in and out, with the one just before 21 UTC (1pm PST) reaching a height about 2 feet above high tide.

Figure 3. Propagation of the March 11, 2011 Honshu tsunami was computed with the NOAA forecast method using the MOST model with the tsunami source inferred from DART® data. From the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, located at NOAA PMEL in Seattle, WA.

Portlight.org is mobilizing to provide financial assistance to people with disabilities affected by the disaster, and there will undoubtedly be a huge relief effort by numerous charities in the wake of the earthquake. Your financial contributions and prayers for those affected will be valuable.

Jeff Masters

Waves (Feather3)

During our tsunami warning that had been downgraded to an advisory, this afternoon. It was getting closer to high tide, but it was strange, watching the surges: one minute, the beach was bare, and within minutes, a surge would build up as wave after wave, low, but surging, would inundate the beaches....more shots to come.

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1253. Inyo 8:21 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
I would personally go for reasonable amounts of minimally processed fresh food rather than a fad diet. Good luck! Quoting truecajun: Hi everyone. Haven't dropped in since the latter part of last year's hurricane season. I'm trying to read through all of the posts about Japan. while doing so, recordseason caught my eye. My response may be simplisitic, but I think it's worth saying. For what it's worth, I've known a few people who have had great success at improving their blood pressure and overall health in general with making Atkins (or just reducing your carbs to under 100/day) their lifestyle. It's worth a shot. The "real" Atkins is 20/day in the first 2 weeks which I've heard is extremely difficult, but cutting down to 80 or so isn't that hard. I've done it just to lose weight after 3rd baby quit breastfeeding, and it's pretty easy. if you are interested, there are helpful recipes etc. on many websites. one in particular that i like is lowcarbfriends.com the science behind it makes a lot of sense too. hormel pepperonis are my go to staple! 0 carbs. off topic, i know. so i won't say any more. it's just a suggestion. Member Since: Septiembre 3, 2002 Posts: 42 Comments: 765

1254. CybrTeddy 8:21 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting HurricaneDean07: Well apparently no one gives a care about anything but the not likely meltdown of reactors, and disaster zone of Japan instead of what this blog is really supposed to be about which is the tropics. I get there's nothing going on in the tropics, but the only thing we can do about Japan right now is watch, donate and support recovery, and worry about nuke reactors that are releasing radiation that is only strong enough to effect areas in a 40 mile radius, maybe a bit more. The reactors are under control enough to where there's only a slim chance of a major explosion. This is the end of my rant. return to your endless/pointless conversations... There's a possibility of the 3rd named storm in the Southern Atlantic down by Brazil that we're watching closely. Member Since: Julio 8, 2005 Posts: 255 Comments: 20655

1255. Grothar 8:25 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting PlazaRed: Its Been on the BBC many times today. You must get a lot of things from different sources in the Americas, some of the links you put up we have never seen. Ah! BBC, that's why. Thanks. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1257. Thundercloud01221991 8:26 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting jwh250: Japan Earthquake: before and after that is just sickening Member Since: Agosto 1, 2006 Posts: 28 Comments: 3693

1258. TomTaylor 8:28 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting TomTaylor: Radiation is more dangerous than anything. It's that simple. In case you haven't noticed, man's most effective killing machine involves radiation. Hate to say it that way but it's the truth. Reposted for all those who blindly support nuclear power. The potential is small, but that doesn't mean there is no potential. Member Since: Agosto 24, 2010 Posts: 18 Comments: 4053

1259. truecajun 8:30 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Inyo: I would personally go for reasonable amounts of minimally processed fresh food rather than a fad diet. Good luck! that's what atkins is. fresh veggies, meat, cheese, nuts, berries, and minimal grains. i have to have my apples and oranges too, even though they have carbs. i'd rather get carbs from fruit than breads. i knew i'd get some flack about it, but cutting carbs can be done healthily. i keep eveything whole and organic - except for my pepperoni's - i know, it's a weakness. the carbs i do consume are from fruit and a little rice here and there and whole grain tortillas every once in while. you can do it healthily - not following the fad way of doing it. either way, it's proved to reduce blood pressure significantly. in fact, it's dangerous to do hard core Atkins (which i do not practice) while taking blood pressure meds. Member Since: Agosto 24, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1848

1260. truecajun 8:35 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting JohnTucker: 1247 I think the first one was 30 min - I could be wrong though. So by the time the quake stopped and the authorities were able to issue warnings was around 15 min minimum, at BEST. I don't think that is a really reasonable estimate though so like about 20-25 min, also utilities would be disrupted near the quake. that's good to hear. it's not much time, but at least they had a little. i'm sure the coastal residents knew to get in the cars and head for higher ground whether or not they could see/hear the warnings due to lack of power. after indonesia, the world should know earthquake=tsunami may follow=get to higher ground if on the coast. Member Since: Agosto 24, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1848

1261. truecajun 8:38 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting JohnTucker: The vessels are steel that wont go until 3000f degrees unless it is ruptured (possible). Concrete liquefies around 2000f depending on the components, but starts to fail and be weakened at below 1000f. (see a ceramics degree isnt entirely useless) Combustion of the components in air would be very bad. Chernobyl had a carbon core too - which burns. Water is a neutron limiter in a LWR. If they keep it covered or at least partially submerged or watered the threat to the US will be minimal, if any at all - even in a full failure. Here is my working theory: Thurs/fri I suspect there were partial meltdowns of fuel in the reaction vessels. The explosion sat was corrosion induced H2 buildup from them flooding sea water into the reaction vessels that was probably a mixed metal slag of fuel rods and components by then. They released the pressure and it exploded. I imagine it was very hot too. I think those vessels got up to around 2000 F in some places. (one of the control rooms was 100 degrees C and had radiation 1000 times above normal.) I think its basically already happened and over with the reactors and they are just water contamination points as they cool. Thats mainly for reactor #1 and im not sure of the time line. thanks. so as long as they keep the water on it, it should stay "contained"? Member Since: Agosto 24, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1848

1263. Grothar 8:40 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting caneswatch: Don't know, but it's scary seeing a lot of the devastation. Terrible to watch isn't it. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1264. emcf30 8:41 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Towards end of video you can see cars attemping to drive away, one without success. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-1270 9850 Member Since: Agosto 7, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 1926

1265. truecajun 8:48 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
we got rid of cable about a month ago to keep the kiddos from being too informed, for lack of a better a term. however, it's times like these, i feel in the dark. the local news channel is not cuttin' it, ya know. iv'e been doing the online thing, but it's not the same. still though, the kids catching mosquito hawks and lady bugs voluntarily as I type rather than forcibly (they THINK they'd rather be watching cartoons) makes it worth it. Member Since: Agosto 24, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1848

1266. sunlinepr 8:51 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting emcf30: Towards end of video you can see cars attemping to drive away, one without success. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-1270 9850 Can you please re-post that address??? Thanks Member Since: Agosto 2, 2010 Posts: 19 Comments: 8469

1267. Skyepony (Mod) 8:51 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting HurricaneDean07: Yes, the earthquake, but people are dragging on the subject of a nuclear disaster, and the radiation problems that could get to us. Nuclear fallout tend to travel on the wind of the jet stream & rain out in precipitation.. all very much weather related. Last night Masters left a link to a model & made some his own runs. True~ there is other stuff worth mentioning, OK/TX is on fire, most of MS got declared a disaster, couple of invests.. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission just announced we should be all safe here in the US. Basically that we shouldn't experience overly harmful levels. Which is somewhat believable looking at past events like China's nuclear test in 1966. On the other hand alot has to do with when & where it rains. It's also one of those cumulative things. There's alot of people with Thyroid problems.. this dose won't help that. Exposure from a 1966 nuclear test in China (1st map is milk, second is rain).. Member Since: Agosto 10, 2005 Posts: 145 Comments: 29988

1268. Patrap 9:03 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Neapolitan: Okay, all you lovers of numerology and the Mayan long-count calendar, here's something just sent to me you may amuse yourselves with for a while: America's largest disaster in modern times was September 11th. Japan's largest disaster in modern times is the Sendai quake. Add the dates together: 09-11-01 03-10-11 ------------- 12-21-12 The only problem is, of course, that while the Sendai quake was on the 10th for us, it was on the 11th Japanese time. Nice try, though-- :-) But the Mayans Lived in the Western Hemisphere Central Time Zone. So go fig'ya eh? Member Since: Julio 3, 2005 Posts: 377 Comments: 112998

1269. KEEPEROFTHEGATE (Mod) 9:06 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Patrap: But the Mayans Lived in the Western Hemisphere Central Time Zone. So go fig'ya eh? Member Since: Julio 15, 2006 Posts: 147 Comments: 41332

1270. truecajun 9:10 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
for those of you with national geographic channel, this might be interesting to watch tonight http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-tsun ami-atlantis-idUSTRE72B2JR20110312 Member Since: Agosto 24, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1848

1271. Skyepony (Mod) 9:12 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
TOKYO (AP) — The weather agency says a volcano in southern Japan is spewing ash and rock again as the country struggles with the aftermath of a catastrophic earthquake and tsunami in the north. The Meteorological Agency issued a warning Sunday saying that Shinmoedake volcano resumed activity after a couple of quiet weeks. The mountain is on Kyushu island, 950 miles (1,500 kilometers) from the epicenter of Friday's magnitude 8.9 earthquake and resulting tsunami, which devastated much of the country's northeastern coast. It was unclear if the eruptions were linked to quake. Japan lies on the "Ring of Fire" — an arc of seismically active zones where earthquake and volcanic eruptions are common. Member Since: Agosto 10, 2005 Posts: 145 Comments: 29988

1272. Skyepony (Mod) 9:14 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
PATERSON, N.J. (AP) — There have been fewer evacuations than expected, but the National Weather Service says flooding in northern New Jersey is still considered major. Rain-swollen waterways crested overnight and have begun to slowly recede, but officials say flooding will remain a concern for the next few days. They say many residents took heed of warnings and left before the flooding started. Member Since: Agosto 10, 2005 Posts: 145 Comments: 29988

1273. Grothar 9:16 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting KEEPEROFTHEGATE: Hope that wasn't for me. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1274. Skyepony (Mod) 9:16 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Looks like 2000 homes evacuated in NJ.. SC peach crop is blooming too early. Member Since: Agosto 10, 2005 Posts: 145 Comments: 29988

1275. KEEPEROFTHEGATE (Mod) 9:19 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Grothar: Hope that wasn't for me. no thats for NEA Member Since: Julio 15, 2006 Posts: 147 Comments: 41332

1276. sunlinepr 9:20 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Japan man saved from rooftop that floated to sea By SHINO YUASA, Associated Press Shino Yuasa, Associated Press Sun Mar 13, 10:25 am ET TOKYO – Hiromitsu Shinkawa was pushed out to sea while he clung to the roof of his home after a tsunami swept away his wife. For two days, he drifted off Japan's northeastern coast, trying to get the attention of helicopters and ships that passed by — to no avail. Finally, on Sunday, a Japanese military vessel spotted the 60-year-old waving a red cloth. He was about 15 kilometers (about 10 miles) offshore from the earthquake-ravaged city of Minamisoma, said Yoshiyuki Kotake, a Defense Ministry spokesman. Shinkawa told his rescuers that the tsunami hit as he and his wife returned home to gather some belongings after Friday's quake. His wife was swept away, Kotake said. Member Since: Agosto 2, 2010 Posts: 19 Comments: 8469

1277. Grothar 9:23 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting truecajun: we got rid of cable about a month ago to keep the kiddos from being too informed, for lack of a better a term. however, it's times like these, i feel in the dark. the local news channel is not cuttin' it, ya know. iv'e been doing the online thing, but it's not the same. still though, the kids catching mosquito hawks and lady bugs voluntarily as I type rather than forcibly (they THINK they'd rather be watching cartoons) makes it worth it. We never once prevented them from watching any TV, movie, or book. They read everything from the Enquirer to Tolstoy. There was never a limit on a show and never monitored or censored anything. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1278. Grothar 9:24 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting KEEPEROFTHEGATE: no thats for NEA Thanks for that. LOL Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1279. SaraGal 9:26 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
A first person video account of the tsunami: http://ow.ly/4dvh0 ~powerful~ Member Since: Junio 4, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 23

1280. Ossqss 9:37 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Grothar: Boy, the sarcasm on this blog today!!! The last time I saw this much sarcasm flying about when Mrs. Grothar and I had dinner alone. Sarcasm flag up. LOL Once upon a time, a man proposed to a woman. She said no, and they both lived happily ever after :) Member Since: Junio 12, 2005 Posts: 6 Comments: 8154

1281. HurricaneDean07 9:38 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting CybrTeddy: There's a possibility of the 3rd named storm in the Southern Atlantic down by Brazil that we're watching closely. This year? Maybe there should be an actual tracking basin for the south atlatnic from January 1 to April 15. Would be interesting at the least. I see after 2 and half hours my comment is still being quoted. I was just venting my feelings, it gets exteremly boring around here once u see comments repeat themselves over and over. Member Since: Octubre 3, 2010 Posts: 40 Comments: 4129

1282. aquak9 9:44 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
SarahGal- frightening Member Since: Agosto 13, 2005 Posts: 163 Comments: 25036

1283. Patrap 9:50 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
IAEA update on Japan Earthquake Staff Report Japan Earthquake Update (13 March 2011 21:45 CET) The Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA that radioactivity levels at the site boundary of the Onagawa nuclear power plant have returned down to normal background levels. The first (ie lowest) state of emergency was reported at the plant earlier on Sunday after an increased level of radioactivity was detected at the site boundary. Investigations at the site indicate that no emissions of radioactivity have occurred from any of the three units at Onagawa. The current assumption of the Japanese authorities is that the increased level may have been due to a release of radioactive material from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves. 1335 CET, 13 March 2011 Japanese authorities have informed the IAEA's Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that venting of the containment of reactor Unit 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started at 9:20 AM local Japan time of 13 March through a controlled release of vapour. The operation is intended to lower pressure inside the reactor containment. Subsequently, following the failure of the high pressure injection system and other attempts of cooling the plant, injection of water first and sea water afterwards started. The authorities have informed the IAEA that accumulation of hydrogen is possible. Japanese authorities have also informed the IAEA that the first (i.e., lowest) state of emergency at the Onagawa nuclear power plant has been reported by Tohoku Electric Power Company. The authorities have informed the IAEA that the three reactor units at the Onagawa nuclear power plant are under control. As defined in Article 10 of Japan's Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness, the alert was declared as a consequence of radioactivity readings exceeding allowed levels in the area surrounding the plant. Japanese authorities are investigating the source of radiation. The IAEA has offered its "Good Offices" to Japan to support the nation's response to the 11 March earthquake and tsunami. One IAEA capability intended to help member states during crises is the Response and Assistance Network (RANET). The network consists of nations that can offer specialized assistance after a radiation incident or emergency. Such assistance is coordinated by the IAEA within the framework of the Assistance Convention. The IAEA continues to liaise with the Japanese authorities and is monitoring the situation as it evolves. Member Since: Julio 3, 2005 Posts: 377 Comments: 112998

1284. PcolaDan 9:52 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting aquak9: SarahGal- frightening Unbelievable! Smart person though, high tailed it to high ground once the buildings started moving. (How can a building that big float off it's foundation and stay in one piece?) Member Since: Agosto 22, 2008 Posts: 12 Comments: 6008

1285. HurricaneDean07 10:00 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
I have watched the south atlantic, and i believe that if there were to be a basin season to be official the peak of the season would be March 20 or 21. If the tracking basin was made these would be the details: The season would start December 15 or 31, and last to April 15. The peak would be March 20 or 21. The average # of storms per season would be 1 to 2 named storms and a hurricane every 3 to 7 years. )This year we have seen a November subtropical system, and another system could form soon. South atlantic storm history: * 1974 March Cylone * 1991 Angola Tropical Cyclone * 2004 January Cyclone * 2004 Tropical Cyclone Catarina * 2006 February Cyclone * 2009 January Cyclone * 2010 Tropical Cylone Aita * 2010 November Cyclone~ formed technically during 2011 season * 2011 Possible new cyclone There's probably more storms in the past that weren't possible to track... Member Since: Octubre 3, 2010 Posts: 40 Comments: 4129

1286. CybrTeddy 10:01 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
90Q trying to take on a more tropical cyclone look. Low looks centered inland. I believe its predicted to re-emerge over water. Member Since: Julio 8, 2005 Posts: 255 Comments: 20655

1287. caneswatch 10:02 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Grothar: Terrible to watch isn't it. Very terrible. Member Since: Octubre 8, 2008 Posts: 14 Comments: 4479

1288. DEKRE 10:10 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Free translation from Link Global effect of the quake: the globe turns slightly faster now and Japan has been displaced by 2.40 m to the east. The earth axis is displaced by 10 cm and a day is now 1.8 µs shorter Member Since: Abril 27, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 306

1289. Tazmanian 10:12 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
cnn is saying that a volcano in janp blow up but not sure if this is re rate the volcano is 1,000ms where the eatherquake hit Member Since: Mayo 21, 2006 Posts: 5089 Comments: 111632

1290. Tazmanian 10:17 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
i wounder if this could be re rateed Link Member Since: Mayo 21, 2006 Posts: 5089 Comments: 111632

1291. Grothar 10:26 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting caneswatch: Very terrible. It took you all this time to write that? Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1292. Grothar 10:30 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
WU E-MAIL UPDATE" In case some bloggers don't know, the WU E-mail is not working properly for some. If you go to your very earliest E-mail (last page) you may find mail. The date will read December 11, 1969. I think DST had something to with it. aquaK9 and a few other told me how to retrieve it. Sometimes your mail will not flash red either. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1293. BahaHurican 10:35 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Evening all. Anybody with coordinates for 90Q? Ta in advance... Member Since: Octubre 25, 2005 Posts: 19 Comments: 17961

1294. Grothar 10:35 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting DEKRE: Free translation from Link Global effect of the quake: the globe turns slightly faster now and Japan has been displaced by 2.40 m to the east. The earth axis is displaced by 10 cm and a day is now 1.8 µs shorter Sounds worse in German. LOL Interesting Artikel. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1295. Grothar 10:38 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
90Q over land. Member Since: Julio 17, 2009 Posts: 58 Comments: 19682

1296. JupiterKen 10:39 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
e-mail problem due to radiation leaking into the internets'' do not touch your keyboar... Member Since: Mayo 3, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 295

1297. DEKRE 10:48 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting Grothar: Sounds worse in German. LOL Interesting Artikel. It might not sound like much, but it plays havoc with GPS Member Since: Abril 27, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 306

1298. BahaHurican 10:51 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Wonder what cartography websites like Google provides do to correct for these "minor" movements of the earth.... Member Since: Octubre 25, 2005 Posts: 19 Comments: 17961

1299. Patrap 10:51 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Oh no, they say he's got to go Go go Godzilla, yeah Oh no, there goes Tokyo Go go Godzilla, yeah History shows again and again How nature points out the folly of men Member Since: Julio 3, 2005 Posts: 377 Comments: 112998

1300. NRAamy 10:52 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Thanks Gro.... Check your in box... Member Since: Enero 24, 2007 Posts: 315 Comments: 31939

1301. DEKRE 10:52 PM GMT en Marzo 13, 2011
Quoting BahaHurican: Wonder what cartography websites like Google provides do to correct for these "minor" movements of the earth.... No corrections to maps needed, too small. Only for GPS, the timing is very critical. Member Since: Abril 27, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 306

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